"Concepto de Refrigeración"
Se entiende por refrigeración a aquel proceso mediante el cual se busca bajar o reducir la temperatura del ambiente, de un objeto o de un espacio cerrado a partir del enfriamiento de las partículas. Este proceso de refrigeración es por lo general artificial aunque sus principios se basan en la refrigeración natural que se da en el medio ambiente. Hay diversos tipos de refrigeración que son utilizados en diferentes situaciones, pero por lo general el más común es aquel que se realiza en el ambiente doméstico a través de aparatos como heladeras, refrigeradores y freezers.
El proceso de refrigeración que se puede aplicar sobre un ambiente u objeto se basa en la noción de que si se le extrae o quita energía a ese ambiente u objeto, su temperatura bajará. Al retirar energía a partir del uso de una máquina refrigerante (como puede ser por ejemplo una heladera) el objeto progresivamente pierde su temperatura y se enfría.
A partir del proceso de refrigeración o enfriamiento, se obtienen diferentes resultados. Si el proceso es aplicado sobre un ambiente o espacio cerrado, con el pasar de los minutos el mismo se volverá más fresco y agradable si antes permanecía demasiado caluroso. En el caso de que hablemos de refrigeración aplicada sobre objetos o alimentos, los mismos se enfriarán y podrán mantenerse así en mejor estado por mucho más tiempo. Este es el principio a través del cual se desarrollaron aparatos en los cuales se guardan los alimentos y que son indispensables hoy en día para la supervivencia humana (ya que sin ellos los alimentos y productos comestibles durarían mucho menos tiempo).
La presencia de aparatos de refrigeración en la vida cotidiana es un fenómeno que se dio especialmente desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX a partir del desarrollo de diferentes técnicas y aparatos de refrigeración. Así, la misma sirve no sólo para conservar alimentos si no para refrescar ambientes, conservar medicamentos, etcétera.
It is understood that cooling process by which it seeks to lower or reduce the temperature of the environment of an object or a closed cooling from space particles. This cooling process is usually artificial although their principles are based on natural cooling occurring in the environment. Various types of cooling are used in different situations, but generally the most common is that which takes place in the home through appliances like refrigerators, refrigerators and freezers.
The cooling process can be applied to an environment or object is based on the notion that if it is removed or removes environment or energy to that object, its temperature will drop. By removing energy from the use of a refrigerating machine (such as for example a refrigerator) the object gradually loses its temperature and cooled.
From refrigeration or cooling process, different results. If the process is applied to a closed, with the passage of the minutes the same room or space will become cooler and more pleasant if rather remained too hot. If we talk about cooling applied to objects or food, they will cool and may be kept and in better shape for much longer. This is the principle by which apparatus in which food is stored and which are indispensable today were developed for survival human (because without them food and grocery products last much less time).
The presence of refrigeration in everyday life is a phenomenon that gave especially since the second half of the twentieth century through the development of various techniques and apparatus cooling. Thus, it serves not only to preserve food if not for cooling environments, keep medicines and so on.
"Breve historia de la refrigeración"
Desde los tiempos más remotos el hombre conoció, en un nivel empírico, el uso de los espacios cerrados que, debido a su disposición, permitían conservar determinados alimentos a una temperatura menor que la del medio. Por lo general, dichos espacios eran cavernas que al tener entrada y salida de corrientes de aire natural permitían este milagro de conservación.
Los animales prehistóricos al sentirse moribundos se adentraban por instinto en los rincones más profundos de las cuevas y ahí morían. Al estar alejados de la acción del sol y entre las corrientes de aire que ahí existían, sus cuerpos se secaban sin descomponerse, gracias al frió sostenido de esos lugares. Los primeros hombres se percataron de tal fenómeno y, después de agruparse en rudimentarias formas sociales, lo utilizaron para su provecho. El hombre prehistórico adoptó estas cuevas y comenzó a almacenar grandes trozos de carne para resguardarlos de la acción de los rayos solares. Primero los secaba para eliminar la grasa, y después los cubría con tierra para evitar la rápida putrefacción. Durante los tiempos en que la caza escaseaba, podía obtener alimento de esta reserva de carne.
En las tribus mas antiguas de Norteamérica también se conocía la conservación de la carne mediante un método natural que se realizaba de la siguiente manera: se localizaba una corriente de agua subterránea y en las piedra viva se hacia una cavidad, de modo que al ras de ella y en la parte inferior se humedeciera ligeramente la tierra, sin llegar a anegar la cavidad. Después se fabricaba una plataforma sobre la que se colocaban, previamente cubiertos de tierra, los trozos de carne que se deseaba conservar. Posteriormente, toda la cavidad se cubría con ramas y la misma corriente de agua neutralizaba el calor del hueco. La carne se consumía antes de que comenzara a descomponerse.
Otro uso de los espacios fríos en la antigüedad lo llevaron a cabo los egipcios a las orillas del río Nilo, para conservar determinadas clases de granos en tiempos de sequía. En la América precolombina, los emperadores aztecas organizaban grupos deindividuaos para su servicio exclusivo, que desempeñaban la tarea de llevar hielo de los volcanes cercanos al Valle de México hasta la Gran Tenochtitlán. El uso del hielo de los glaciares de las montañas nevadas también se conoció por los griegos y los romanos. El siglo XIX, la refrigeración artificial fue un producto de la industrialización.
Después de considerar los puntos anteriores surge inevitablemente esta pregunta: ¿por qué en la actualidad se hace más indispensable el uso de la refrigeración que en la antigüedad? Tal vez pueda responderse con la siguiente explicación. Anteriormente los rayos solares caían sobre la Tierra y eran absorbidos por el suelo, ya que éste se encontraba en su forma natural. En las ciudades actuales, el uso del asfalto y del cemento en general, y el espaciamiento entre los pisos y los techos de las casas, no permiten que el calor de los rayos solares se absorba, sino que, por el contrario, hacen que éste rebote. Cuando el calor sube, la densidad la densidad del humo-niebla (smog) en el aire lo detiene y lo rebota hacia el piso. Esta concentración de aire caliente es lo que hace que sea indispensable el uso de los refrigeradores domésticos, además de su gran ventaja como almacén que conserva los alimentos durante días y evitar las continuas salidas para aprovisionamiento.
El refrigerador actual es el resultado de más de un siglo de evolución. La construcción del primer refrigerador artificial se le atribuye al ingeniero francés Carlos Tellier, en el año de 1863.
"Brief History of refrigeration"
Since ancient times man knew, on an empirical level, the use of enclosed spaces, due to its disposal, allowed to keep certain foods below that of the average temperature. Usually, these spaces were caverns that having inlet and outlet air flows naturally allowed this miracle of preservation.
Prehistoric animals dying to feel being scooped by instinct in the deepest recesses of the caves and died there. Being away from the action of sunlight and air currents between which there existed, their bodies dried without breaking down, thanks to the sharp cold of those places. The first men became aware of this phenomenon and, after rudimentary grouped into social forms, used it to their advantage. Prehistoric man took these caves and began to store large pieces of meat to protect them from the action of sunlight. First dried to remove the fat, and then covered with soil to prevent rapid putrefaction. During the times when hunting was scarce, he could get food meat reservation.
In the oldest American tribes preserving meat was also known by a natural method that was made as follows: a stream of groundwater was located and the living stone a cavity into, so flush she and the bottom slightly moisten the soil without reaching flood the cavity. After a platform on which they were placed previously covered ground, the pieces of meat that wanted to keep was manufactured. Subsequently, the entire cavity is covered with branches and the same stream of the heat neutralized hollow. The meat is consumed before it began to decompose.
Another use of cold spots in antiquity as the Egyptians held on the banks of the Nile, to retain certain types of grain in times of drought. In Américaprecolombina, the Aztec emperors deindividuaos organized groups to its exclusive service, which played the task of bringing ice near the Valley of Mexico to the Great Tenochtitlan volcanoes. The use of ice from the glaciers of the snowy mountains also known by the Greeks and Romans. The nineteenth century, artificial refrigeration was a product of industrialization.
After considering the above the question inevitably arises: why today the use of refrigeration is more indispensable than in ancient times? Maybe I can be answered with the following explanation. Previously sunlight falling on Earth and were absorbed by the ground, as it was in its natural form. In today's cities, the use of asphalt and cement in general and the spacing between floors and roofs of houses and not allow heat from sunlight is absorbed, but, on the contrary, make it rebound. When the heat rises, the density of the smoke-density fog (smog) in the air stops and rebounds into the floor. This concentration of hot air is what makes possible the use of home refrigerators, and its great advantage for storage that preserves food for days and avoid continuous supply outlets indispensable.
The current refrigerator is the result of over a century of evolution. The construction of the first artificial refrigerator is attributed to the French engineer Charles Tellier, in 1863.
"Brief History of refrigeration"
Since ancient times man knew, on an empirical level, the use of enclosed spaces, due to its disposal, allowed to keep certain foods below that of the average temperature. Usually, these spaces were caverns that having inlet and outlet air flows naturally allowed this miracle of preservation.
Prehistoric animals dying to feel being scooped by instinct in the deepest recesses of the caves and died there. Being away from the action of sunlight and air currents between which there existed, their bodies dried without breaking down, thanks to the sharp cold of those places. The first men became aware of this phenomenon and, after rudimentary grouped into social forms, used it to their advantage. Prehistoric man took these caves and began to store large pieces of meat to protect them from the action of sunlight. First dried to remove the fat, and then covered with soil to prevent rapid putrefaction. During the times when hunting was scarce, he could get food meat reservation.
In the oldest American tribes preserving meat was also known by a natural method that was made as follows: a stream of groundwater was located and the living stone a cavity into, so flush she and the bottom slightly moisten the soil without reaching flood the cavity. After a platform on which they were placed previously covered ground, the pieces of meat that wanted to keep was manufactured. Subsequently, the entire cavity is covered with branches and the same stream of the heat neutralized hollow. The meat is consumed before it began to decompose.
Another use of cold spots in antiquity as the Egyptians held on the banks of the Nile, to retain certain types of grain in times of drought. In Américaprecolombina, the Aztec emperors deindividuaos organized groups to its exclusive service, which played the task of bringing ice near the Valley of Mexico to the Great Tenochtitlan volcanoes. The use of ice from the glaciers of the snowy mountains also known by the Greeks and Romans. The nineteenth century, artificial refrigeration was a product of industrialization.
After considering the above the question inevitably arises: why today the use of refrigeration is more indispensable than in ancient times? Maybe I can be answered with the following explanation. Previously sunlight falling on Earth and were absorbed by the ground, as it was in its natural form. In today's cities, the use of asphalt and cement in general and the spacing between floors and roofs of houses and not allow heat from sunlight is absorbed, but, on the contrary, make it rebound. When the heat rises, the density of the smoke-density fog (smog) in the air stops and rebounds into the floor. This concentration of hot air is what makes possible the use of home refrigerators, and its great advantage for storage that preserves food for days and avoid continuous supply outlets indispensable.
The current refrigerator is the result of over a century of evolution. The construction of the first artificial refrigerator is attributed to the French engineer Charles Tellier, in 1863.
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